London Restaurants ..Coffee Shop

Coffee Shop are popular casual restaurants without table service that emphasize coffee and other beverages; typically a limited selection of cold foods such as pastries and perhaps sandwiches are offered as well. Their distinguishing feature is that they allow patrons to relax and socialize on their Since the 15th century, the coffee shops ( al-maqhah in Arabic , qahveh-khaneh in Persian or Kahvehane or kiraathane in Turkish ) has served as a social gathering place in Middle Eastern countries where men assemble to drink coffee (usually Arabic coffee ) or tea, listen to music, read books, play chess and backgammon, and perhaps hear a recitation from the works of Antar or from Shahnameh . In 1457 the first coffee shops, Kiva Han , was opened in Istanbul , just four years after its conquest by the Ottomans . Coffee Shops in Mecca soon became a concern as places for political gathering s to the imams who banned them, and the drink, for Muslims between 1512 and 1524. In 1530 the first coffee shops was opened in Damascus , and not long after there were many coffee shops in Cairo.

In the 17th century, coffee appeared for the first time in Europe outside the Ottoman Empire , and coffee shops were established and quickly became popular. The first coffee shops in Western Europe appeared in Venice , due to the traffics between La Serenissima and the Ottomans; the very first one is recorded in 1645. The first coffee shops in England was set up in Oxford in 1650 by a Jewish man named Jacob. Oxford 's Queen's Lane Coffee shops , established in 1654, is still in existence today. The first coffee shops in London was opened in 1652 in St Michael's Alley, Cornhill . The proprietor was Pasqua Rosée, the Armenian servant of a trader in Turkish goods named Daniel Edwards, who imported the coffee and assisted Rosée in setting up the establishment. Boston had its first in 1670. Pasqua Rosée also established Paris' first coffee shop in 1672 and held a city-wide coffee monopoly until Francesca Procopio dei Coltelli opened The Cafe Le Procope in 1686. This coffee shops still exists today and was a major locus of the French Enlightenment ; Voltaire , Rousseau , and Diderot frequented it, and it is arguably the birthplace of the Encyclopédie , the first modern encyclopedia.

Though Charles II later tried to suppress the London coffee shop as "places where the disaffected met, and spread scandalous reports concerning the conduct of His Majesty and his Ministers", the public flocked to them. They were great social levellers, open to all men and indifferent to social status, and as a result associated with equality and republicanism. More generally, coffee shops became meeting places where business could be carried on, news exchanged and the London Gazette (government announcements) read. Lloyd's of London had its origins in a coffee shops run by Edward Lloyd , where underwriters of ship insurance met to do business. By 1739 there were 551 coffee shops in London; each attracted a particular clientele divided by occupation or attitude, such as Tories and Whigs , wits and stockjobbers , merchants and lawyers, booksellers and authors, men of fashion or the "cits" of the old city center . According to one French visitor, the Abbé Prévost , coffee shops, "where you have the right to read all the papers for and against the government," were the "seats of English liberty''

The banning of women from coffee shops was not universal, but does appear to have been common in Europe . In Germany women frequented them, but in England and France they were banned. Émilie du Châtelet purportedly wore drag to gain entrance to a coffee shops in Paris. In a well-known engraving of a Parisian coffee shops of c. 1700, the gentlemen hang their hats on pegs and sit at long communal tables strewn with papers and writing implements. Coffeepots are ranged at an open fire, with a hanging cauldron of boiling water. The only woman present presides, separated in a canopied booth, from which she serves coffee in tall cups.

The traditional tale of the origins of Viennese coffee shops begins with the mysterious sacks of green beans left behind when the Turks were defeated in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. All the sacks of coffee were granted to the victorious Polish king Jan III Sobieski , who in turn gave them to one of his officers, Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki . Kulczycki began the first coffee shop in Vienna with the hoard. However, it is now widely accepted that the first coffee shops was actually opened by an Armenian merchant named Johannes Diodato.

In London , coffee shops preceded the club of the mid-18th century, which skimmed away some of the more aristocratic clientele. Jonathan's Coffee-House in 1698 saw the listing of stock and commodity prices that evolved into the London Stock Exchange . Auctions in salesrooms attached to coffee shops provided the start for the great auction houses of Sotheby's and Christie's . In Victorian England, the temperance movement set up coffee shops for the working classes , as a place of relaxation free of alcohol, an alternative to the public house (pub).

Coffee shops in the United States arose from the espresso - and pastry-centered Italian coffee shops of the Italian-American immigrant communities in the major U.S. cities, notably New York City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village , Boston's North End , and San Francisco's North Beach . Both Greenwich Village and North Beach were major haunts of the Beats , who became highly identified with these coffee shops. As the youth culture of the 1960s evolved, non-Italians consciously copied these coffee shops. Before the rise of the Seattle-based Starbucks chain, Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest had a thriving countercultural coffee shops scene; Starbucks standardized and mainstreamed this model.

In the United States , from the late 1950s onward, coffee shops also served as a venue for entertainment, most commonly folk performers. This was likely due to the ease at accommodating a lone performer accompanying them only with a guitar, even with limited floor space; the political nature of much of 1960s folk music made the music a natural tie-in with coffee shops with their above-referenced association with political action. A number of well known performers like Joan Baez and Bob Dylan began their careers performing in coffee shops. Blues singer Lightnin' Hopkins bemoaned his woman's inattentiveness to her domestic situation due to her overindulgence in coffee shops socializing, in his 1969 Coffee shops Blues.

From the 1960s through the mid-1980s, many churches and individuals in the United States used the coffee shops concept for outreach. They were often storefronts and had names like The Gathering Place ( Riverside , CA ), The Lost Coin ( New York City ), and Jesus For You ( Buffalo , NY ). Christian music (guitar-based) was performed, coffee and food was provided, and Bible studies were convened as people of varying backgrounds gathered in a casual "unchurchy" setting. These coffee shops usually had a rather short life, about three to five years or so on average. An out-of-print book, published by the ministry of David Wilkerson, titled, A Coffee shops Manual , served as a guide for Christian coffee shops, including a list of name suggestions for coffee shops